Autocratic And Participative Leadership Styles - 1285 Words

Autocratic and Participative Leadership Leadership styles have significant effects on organizations. For instance, it influences organizational culture and determines how leaders address conflict. Ultimately, it impacts organizational performance. Consequently, leaders must adapt their approach to achieve the desired outcome. Therefore, it is imperative leaders understand and can implement a variety of leadership styles. This essay will describe how an autocratic and participative leader’s style impacts organizational culture, summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each style, and explain how each leader would successfully resolve conflict. Autocratic Leadership: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, has an autocratic leadership style. He has surrounded himself with lower level leaders that do not question his decisions or authority. Additionally, he is a micromanager that has implemented rigorous standards. Further, individual performance is continuously measured and employees ranked against each other. This has created a very competitive atmosphere. Notably, employees that meet his high demands are often called â€Å"Amabots.† Unfortunately, Bezos autocratic style has had profound effects on Amazons culture. Perhaps most importantly, Bezos has created a culture of metrics. Consequently, it has led to a competitive atmosphere, which has created an uncomfortable working environment for many employees. For example, some employees have sabotaged their cohortsShow MoreRelatedThe Autocratic And Participative Leadership Styles Impact Company Culture, And Conflict Resolution1175 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper explores the differences between how the autocratic and participative leadership styles impacts company culture, and conflict resolution. At the core of leadership, is how individuals in an organization are rewarded and punished (Nwibere, 2013). Two very successful autocratic leaders are Steve Jobs of Apple, and Jack Ma of the Chinese company Alibaba (Allen, 2011; Shao, 2014). James Parker, CEO of Southwest Airlines during the 9/11 attacks is cited as a great participatory leader (AdviceRead MoreAdvan tages Of Autocratic Leadership Style876 Words   |  4 PagesAutocratic is getting things done above anything, and relationships are not important. These type of managers have control over all decisions. The majority of the time autocratic leaders do not accept ideas or advice from others. Managers with autocratic leadership style are controlling and bossy. As a result, these managers treat employees as machines that are needed to get work done. Their interest and goals is above all things. Autocratic leaders provide employees with instructions and expectRead MoreLeadership Differences Between Leadership And Autocratic Leadership1597 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Comparison Two leadership styles on the opposite ends of the spectrum from one another are autocratic and participative. Both can be useful depending on the setting and what is required. Autocratic leaders make decisions without using team members, even if it would be useful (mindtools.com, n.d.). When a decision needs to be made very quickly, when there is not a need for additional input, or when a team agreement is not needed, this type of leadership can work (mindtools.com, n.d.)Read MoreParticipative Leadership : Strengths And Weaknesses Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesParticipative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses The simple act of making decisions is an essential task leaders must perform effectively to succeed. Behavioral theories of leadership focus on how leaders approach a situation and whether they dictate orders or involve others to encourage support. Research into decision-making behavior has identified three broad categories of leaders: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. This paper will focus on these behavioral theories of leadership, primarilyRead MoreLeadership Sat Task 1 Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesLEADERSHIP - SAT TASK 1 A1. LEADERSHIP STYLE Leadership is the ability to organize a group of people in order to achieve a common goal. My leadership style is participative leadership and it is to share decision making with each member of my group. A Participative style of leadership encompasses consultative, consensus, and democratic. As a participative leader who is consultative, it is very important that I confer with members of the group before making final decisions on issues concerningRead MoreParticipative Leadership1582 Words   |  7 PagesParticipative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses The simple act of making decisions is an essential task leaders must perform effectively to succeed. Behavioral theories of leadership focus on how leaders approach a situation and whether they dictate orders or involve others to encourage support. Research into decision-making behavior has identified three broad categories of leaders: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire (Changing Minds, 2011). This paper will focus on these behavioral theoriesRead MoreLeadership Styles And Purposes Leadership857 Words   |  4 PagesPurposes Leadership Answer 1: Leadership clearly defines as the action of leading a group of people or an organization, or ability to lead. Here I discuss two styles of leadership that is: †¢ Autocratic Leadership †¢ Participative Leadership Below I discuss each style in details with example 1. Autocratic Leadership This style of leadership is described by controlling the individuals of the team over all choices and little contribution from the team leader in the association. This authority style has gottenRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of Leadership Styles1040 Words   |  4 PagesStrengths and Weaknesses of Leadership Styles Introduction Leadership styles have a major impact on a business or military unit, organization or company achieving its objectives or not. Managers are often excellent at keeping the status quo and making sure existing work gets done, but leaders are critical for defining new goals and how to reach them (Turner, Dulewicz, 2009). The strengths and weaknesses of autocratic, consultative, free-reign and participative leadership are analyzed in this paperRead MoreLikert Found Participative Leadership On Teamwork, Communication And Overall Participation Of Achieving Objectives982 Words   |  4 Pagesfound participative leadership to improve the teamwork, communication and overall participation of achieving objectives. The style engaged the whole organisation or the specific team, with the responsibility of achieving objectives being spread across. He concluded the style to be the best in terms of long-term benefits to organisations. Gary Yukl made similar findings in 1971. Yukl highlighted the different levels of participation and how behaviour affects the effectiveness of leadership. Yukl’sRead MoreLeadership Styles Of The Workplace1166 Words   |  5 PagesWork environments, at some point, are hectic, stressful, constantly changing and multifaceted. Leadership is the ability to influence others in order to attain goals (Lamberton Minor, 2014). Leaders in the workplace must take responsibility to ensure they do the right things. Leaders typically possess characteristics such as enthusiasm, dominance, emotional stability, self-assurance, and conscientiousness. They have a strong sense of ethics and work hard in order to build integrity in their workplace

Grandmother Profile Essays - 786 Words

English Composition 1 My Grandmother My Grandmother goes by the name of babunya, and baba for short, this means grandma in Ukrainian. She lived in Ukraine for most of her life, and she is almost 90 years old now. She’s been through a lot in her years, thus her appearance has changed. For every wrinkle she has there’s a story to match. She has had every color hair: blonde, red, brown, and black. Now her hair is a short gray color. She keeps it short because it stays out of the way, even though she hates it short. She has always had long her until now. She has also progressively become shorter over the years due to a very bad back; she now stands just under five feet. Since she spends most of her days in the garden her usual outfit†¦show more content†¦She usually watches the news and educates herself on what is happening in the world around her. When we go to visit her the conversations usually got the same way everytime. My grandma usually starts off by saying something along the lines of â€Å"how’s school going for you? How are your grades? How is work going? Do you like your teachers?† This part of the conversation doesn’t last long If there is one thing my grandma is good at, it’s talking. She loves telling stories and talking about what’s going on in the world today. Babunya is a very sociable person and can hold a conversation with anyone. My baba was born in a time when the only way you could have food on your plate for dinner was if you hunted it yourself. She would explain to me that â€Å"living in a communist country was one of the worst things I have ever seen or been through. Not only was my country communist, we were going through a famine. There was no way to get food because the government starved us. If I wanted to eat that day I would have to kill a bird or whatever else was around that day.† My grandma is a very strong woman. She grew up with 3 brothers and 1 sister, who were all older. She always wanted to be like her siblings. Because her siblings were all older, my grandmother was a very fast learner. They taught her what they were during in school so by the time she got to that grade level she already knew the information. My grandmaShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Trifles By William Shakespeare849 Words   |  4 Pagesoutsiders change throughout time, and in historical context are seen as icons, but in their respective time period were viewed as outcasts and more or less irresponsible. The organization of their presentation was detailed and well put together. Facebook profiles are very interesting ways to learn more about people, you can pretty much tell a lot about a person by the things the post and like on Facebook. This group did a good job with finding pictures to actually fit the characters from this movie. TheRead MoreWho Am I Presentation982 Words   |  4 Pagesplastered all over the news. But when Whites or another race commit a crime, it is kept quiet unless it is a high profile case. For example, when the young eight year old Jewish boy, Leiby Kletzky, from Brooklyn was found in the refrigerator of another Jewish man from their own community, the story was kept under wraps. Before the police discovered the boy’s body it was a high profile case, then all of a sudden when it was found out to be one of their own kind, the story was no longer in the newsRead MoreEngl227 Week 1 Scenario1063 Words   |  5 Pagesleaves in the last two months, but my grandma isnt feeling well again, and she really needs me to take care of her. Ill be in later tonight for my shift. Can you let me know then? Thanks. You know from previous requests for time off that Jeffs grandmother is coping with a debilitating illness. Your other assistant manager, Nina Hernandez, has covered for Jeff three times in the last two months. She has been looking forward to having this weekend off, as she is going out of town to celebrate herRead MoreLittle Disgusted By It All And Glad1249 Words   |  5 Pageslittle disgusted by it all and glad, at least, that she wasn’t one of them. As she turned the corner, her house came into view -- the big, ornate Victorian perched on top of Hollow Hill like a cherry on an ice cream sunday. It was as old as her grandmother, built by her great grandfather who spent his entire life adding bits and pieces to it until it was a cacophony of mismatched scrolling architecture. Painted blue and cranberry and green it appeared propped there like an elaborate story book cutoutRead MoreMr. Johnson Who Is A Health Information Technician993 Words   |  4 Pageshis job and works towards being better at it every day. He loves being around his family. He grew up in a traditional family with five siblings. At the age of eleven he went to live with his grandmother who helped raise him, and shape him into the successful person he is today .He was mandated by his grandmother to attend church every Sunday which has played a major role in his spiritual life to date. He graduated from high school at the age of seventeen and applied to several colleges. He decidedRead More OConnor Character Traits Essays1033 Words   |  5 PagesOConnor Character Traits In Flannery OConnors short stories, A Good Man is Hard to Find, Revelation, and Greenleaf, the main character in each share similar traits. Though the grandmother, Mrs. Turpin, and Mrs. May differ from each other in many aspects, there are three notable traits that each clearly possesses. Each of these individuals is highly conscious of their own social status, is socially prejudiced, and is extremely racist. Each of the women is revealed as being highlyRead MoreGriffins Text831 Words   |  4 Pagescan become conscious to the truths of their upbringing and not only find their true identity, but have the strength and courage to change their destiny. Griffin is ultimately interested in finding her own identity but has been oppressed by her grandmother to not search inwardly. She therefore uses Himmler as a mask by examining what experiences shaped him as a child to understand what may have molded her. Griffin concentrates on connections between people, childhood, and objects to Heinrich Himmler’sRead MoreShort Story : Finally Sleeping, I See1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sofa as she lay cradled with Liam and Ellie in her arms. â€Å"She needed a little help to calm down, but I took care of it,† Cera mentioned glancing up at her grandmother with a sinister look of mischief. â€Å"Cera, tell me you didn’t put a spell on an angel?† her grandmother chided her. â€Å"We’re trying to keep a low profile here.† â€Å"Of course not,† Cera answered with a mirthful little laugh. â€Å"I drugged her.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Well, you have to admit, she was getting a littleRead MoreFamily Health History Is A Powerful Tool For Screening Patients915 Words   |  4 Pageshave a written profile, that being said, welcome to Patti’s genetic world. Family Members and Health History Anna, maternal grandmother died in her early 80’s, past medical history of cardiovascular disease, adult onset diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Abraham, maternal grandfather died in his 50’s from a work related accident, no known past medical history. Charles, paternal grandfather died at age 65 past medical history of asthma, and lung cancer. Agnes, paternal grandmother died at age 75Read MoreSkins : Contemporary Indigenous Writing836 Words   |  4 Pageswas early on influenced by her grandmothers, Irene Akiwenzie and Anna Damm. She credits her grandmother Irene Akiwenzie, a descendant of the Kegedonce (Anishnaabe for an orator) tribe for inspiration through her work as â€Å"a wonderful storyteller, public speaker, and writer† who wrote for the newspapers Wiatron Echo and was a regular contributor to the Sun Times. She dedicated her first chapbook of poetry, published in April 1993, to this grandmother. Another grandmother, Anna Damm, was a crucial element

Management of Networks and Security Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Describe approaches to computer security? 2.Recognize some of the basic models used to implement security in operating systems? 3.Describe the physical security components that can protect your computers and networks? 4.Describe steps that organizations can take to improve their security? Answers: 1. Approach to computer security can be grouped into three broad categories. These are security correctness, isolation and obscurity. Security by correctness involves considering security measures as earl as from the design stage of the development. For instance, an effort is made to make the program have as few as possible bugs. Example is Microsofts Secure Development Life Cycle which is used to reduce the number of bugs in code during the development phase. The second one, security by isolation involves division of the systems components into individual parts bringing the focus on each smaller element. This approach is applied in the principle of least privilege. The third approach is security by obscurity. This comes in handy when correctness fail to remove all the bugs, which is inevitable. This simply involves randomization of elements in the code to make it difficult of attackers to specify a specific component to attack. The method is employed in Microsoft Vista which randomi zes the elements on the Kernel memory (Dowland and Furnell, 2012). 2. Some of the security models used include Bell-LaPadula Model, Biba Model, ClarkWilson Integrity Model and the HarrisonRuzzoUllman Model. In the Bell-LaPadula Model, components are grouped into some levels of classification. The classified components are then authorized to ensure that only the components at higher level can access the ones below them (Walker, 1985). The model has a shortcoming since it allows components in a lower class to write to those at a higher class making it possible to corrupt them. The second one, the Biba Model, focus on integrity rather than confidentiality as it was with the Bell-LaPadula model. This method simply preserves integrity of objects instead of their confidentiality (Walker, 1985). Another model is the Harrison Ruzzo Ullman Model. This model is allow access to an object in absence of the owner object. 3. The physical components to protect computers and networks can be in form of laid down policies that control the physical actions of individual that are allowed access to the computers as well as physical aspects that protect the network and the computers. For instance, setting policies that will regulate the number and the people that have access to the network room and the computers will limit unauthorized persons to breach the computer security. Similarly, setting up a network control room where the servers are kept away from the public and only accessed allowed to say, the network administrator is as well a physical security implementation. Looking such places with padlocks, setting up alarm systems and using biometric access to open control rooms and computers can be taken as physical security. Other physical aspects of physical security may include hiring full time guards to look after computers and network rooms. Coupled with identity pass codes of the persons authorized to access the control rooms, the guards will be able to determine who is supposed to access the computers and network rooms and who is not. 4. Organizations can improve their security against attack putting in place measures to prevent these attacks before they occur or curb the attacks as they occur. The following steps can help to an organization improve their security. Set up physical control rooms for their networks and hire guards to protect their computers. Through doing this, the organization will make sure that the people who can access the control rooms are authorized and ensure their computers are protected. Organizations can also ensure their control rooms are protected and looked up when not in use. Setting up policies that control the usage of computers An organization should set up policies that define who can use the computers and what they can do with the computers. This way they will be able to prevent unauthorized people from using the computers as well as preventing authorized people from installing malware on their systems. Setting up network monitors and anti-malware software Using packet sniffers, organizations can be on the lookout of any network breaches just in time to prevent catastrophic loss of important data. Organizations can also use anti-malware on their computers to prevent possible attacks on their systems. References Dowland, P. and Furnell, S. (2012).Advances in communications, computing, networks and security. Plymouth [England]: Plymouth University, pp.220-230. Nces.ed.gov. (2017).Chapter 5-Protecting Your System: Physical Security, from Safeguarding Your Technology, NCES Publication 98-297 (National Center for Education Statistics). [online] Available at: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/safetech/chapter5.asp [Accessed 19 Jul. 2017]. Walker, S. (1985). Network Security Overview.1985 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

Starbucks Corporate Strategy free essay sample

Starbucks Corporate Strategy Corporate Strategy fundamentally is concerned with the selection of businesses in which the company should compete and with the development and coordination of that portfolio of business. [1] In the case of Starbucks the corporate strategy they have implemented is unique to their industry which has allowed them to differentiate from their competitors and is summarized best by Howard Schultz CEO of Starbucks, â€Å"We’re in the people business serving coffee,[2]† high quality specialty coffee and related products in a European cafe environment.It is clear Starbucks is in a growth strategy utilizing three key techniques that support its Mission, â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time†[3]. Vertical Integration Tying in with Starbucks’ Mission, the companies vertical integration with its supply chain from roasting its own coffee in one of two of its plants to its i nvolvement with developing and fostering strategic partnerships with local coffee farmers may be the most important growth strategy the company focuses on. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Corporate Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Quality and corporate social responsibility are the pillars of Starbucks; vertical integration is the key component to insuring both of these fundamental characteristics of Starbucks are managed. Diversification Starbucks has created related diversification into wholesale distribution by developing coffee based branded products with Pepsi-Cola and Dreyer’s Inc. that can be sold in grocery stores. The company is also expanding into non-related industries by creating an entertainment division focusing on the music and movie industry.As Starbucks expands diversification will become as important as its vertical integration as it moves through the product lifecycle in the coffee industry. (See Appendix A) Horizontal Integration Starbucks has expanded with horizontal integration by acquiring Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torreazione Italia Coffee. With the increased competition and new entrants in the coffee industry horizontal integration may become a greater focus for Starbucks. Starbucks Business StrategyAt the business level, the strategic issues are less about the coordination of operating units and more about developing and sustaining a competitive advantage[4]. In order to understand the Coffee Industry’s competitive advantage the use of Porters five Competitive Forces Model should be utilized. (appendix b) Starbucks has gained its competitive advantage by the use of diversification. The company has focused, through vertical integration corporate strategy, on providing the highest quality coffee products in a sustainable practice that is highly identifiable by its customer base.The use of their innovative marketing design with their European Cafe feel and creative diversification with its products has allowed it to be classified as, â€Å"the most dynamic retail brand conceived over the last two decades†[5] Starbucks faces a high degree of rivalry and a medium degree of buyer power (appendix b). The coffee industry also retains many characteristics of having high Consumer Market Segmentation, which can be supported by the relatively large span in the price for a cup of coffee and the varying degree in which certain coffee cha ins are found in certain particular geographic regions and outlets.Starbucks has found a way to incorporate a broad strategy attracting a broad consumer despite the high prices of its products[6]. This supports that their differentiation strategy is affective and it is clear consumers can identify the high quality of their products and the overall experience of visiting one of their locations. With a high threat of new entrants (appendix b) and the presence of high Consumer Market Segmentation, Starbucks’ strong differentiation strategy will allow it to remain competitive in light of this high threat.

Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Research Paper Example

Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Research Paper Example Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Paper Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Paper if the function of man is an activity of the soul in accordance with, or implying, a rational principle; and if we hold that the function an individual and of a good individual of the same kind e. g. f a harpist and of a good harpist and so on generally is generically the same, the latters distinctive excellence being attached to the name of the function (because the function of the harpist is to play the harp, but that of the good harpist is to play it well); and if we assume that the function of man is a kind of life, namely, an activity or series of actions of the soul, implying a rational principle; and if the function of a good man is to perform these well and rightly; and if every function is performed well when performed in accordance with its proper excellence: if this is all so, the conclusion is that the good for man is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, or if there are more kinds of virtue than one, in accordance with the best and most perfect kind. Essentially, what Aristotle means by this is that the overall human function is the souls activity together with reason. The activity of rational thought is what makes us human since no other living thing has the ability of reasoning. It is the ability to reason that all humans possess, but not all human beings function according to it (some are ignorant whilst others are unable to make logical choices). Also, all human actions taken together make up the good and everything we do throughout our lives contributes to the overall function. If we live well, according to the proper virtues, this will allow us to achieve what Aristotle calls eudaimonia (happiness). It is important that our virtuous actions are driven by the virtues and not just in line with the virtues. For example, a lawyer who argues for a poor man in order to gain a good reputation is not acting from virtue; he is acting in line with virtue. Aristotles argument in basic terms is as follows: a watch has a function and its goodness resides in that function; if man has a function then his goodness lies in performing that function well. For a watch to perform its function it uses the mechanisms within itself to achieve this; each of mans bodily organs have a function and so therefore man must have a function and this function is mans distinguishing feature: rationality. The chief good for man is a life following or implying a rational principle and to use that reason together with certain virtues. A problem with Aristotles belief is his claim that each of a mans bodily organs have a function and so therefore man must have a function. Not everything in the world has a clear function or a determined end. For example, a rose does not have a clear function other than the functions we think of for it (its beauty and its fragrance) but this does not add anything factual to it. In comparison, the function of our eyes give us the ability to perceive the world but this adds nothing factually to simply saying that our eyes causes us to perceive. When we speak about function we give it a normative status to causation but this is subjective to every individual. This works for all teleological ideas and it reflects our own interests. As for teleological arguments, they can only be defended, mainly, by religion and also by anthropomorphic ideas of nature. For example, Thomas Aquinas believed that natural law was not made up by humans but rather an unchanging rule or pattern which is there for human beings to discover. Aquinas says that natural law is so complex that it had to have been designed by a higher power and he stated that the only plausible answer is God. However, using God as the answer to the existence and aim of human beings is a weak argument. Jean-Paul Sartre believes in the concept that existence precedes essence and that the idea that existence precedes essence means that a human being, as well as human reality, exists prior to any concepts of values or morals. A person is born a blank slate and humanity has no universal, fixed values or ethics common to all of mankind. Since no essence or definition exists of what is means to be human, a person must form their own conception of existence by taking control of responsibility for their actions and choices. Therefore, a human being gains their essence through their own choices and actions. It is solely through the process of living that a person defines themselves. He uses the example of a paper knife saying that one cannot suppose that a man would produce a paper knife without knowing what it is for. A paper knife has essence before existence because it is designed for a specific purpose. Human beings do not; they have existence before essence because they are not designed with a specific purpose. Consequently, this challenges the function argument in that human beings do not have a certain end or a definite function; our function in life is made up as we go through life. Another problem with the function argument is presented by the is/ought fallacy. David Hume argued that there is a philosophical problem in believing that because something is the case it ought to be the case; he calls this the is/ought fallacy. For example, slavery exists but the fact that it is a reality does not mean that it ought to be. Abortion is a reality and some would argue that it is right to abort in certain circumstances but that does not mean we ought to. In this case, it may be a fact that humans possess reason but it does not logically follow that we ought to exercise our reason to live a fulfilled life. Professor Richard Norman says: why then from the fact that rational activity is distinctively human should it follow that we ought to live according to reason? An additional problem is, there are many distinctively human things that animals cannot do, why is reason the only characteristic Aristotle focuses upon? For example, we can gamble, give to charity, make art and become intoxicated by drugs but that does not mean that any of these are our functions. On what grounds does Aristotle use that animals cannot use reason? Surely what we call reason is no more than instinctive response but on a conscious level than any action in the animal kingdom. Aristotle could simply argue that these are all examples of humans not using their reason well because a tyrant, terrorist or gambler is using their reason but not in conjunction with their virtues. A good example of this would be the terrorist Osama bin Laden who thought he was doing good for the world where in reality he was creating devastation. In conclusion, although Aristotles belief of mans function in life gives us as human beings something to aim for (eudaimonia) it does not mean that man definitely has a function in life. Just because our organs work in a certain way does not mean our body must work towards something, and if our bodies are indeed working towards something then why must it be towards eudaimonia? As Sartre says, our function could be made up as we go through life. Why must we live life according to reason? Also, why must it just be reason we function upon? It is these questions that pose a problem to Aristotles function argument and therefore make his claim flawed.

Analyse and evaluate Shakespeares use of soliloquy in presenting the developing character of Hamlet Essay Example

Analyse and evaluate Shakespeares use of soliloquy in presenting the developing character of Hamlet Essay Example Analyse and evaluate Shakespeares use of soliloquy in presenting the developing character of Hamlet Paper Analyse and evaluate Shakespeares use of soliloquy in presenting the developing character of Hamlet Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet Hamlet by William Shakespeare is a drama performed between 1599 and 1601. Hamlet is a fusion of many themes, which bond together to form a complex, ambiguous play. Hamlet, simplified, is the story of a man brimming with vengeance, trying to avenge his fathers death which was caused by his uncle, Claudius who then marries Hamlets mother, Gertrude. The death of his father is a tragedy in itself. Perceptions of tragedies differ from individuals perspectives; anything can be a tragic as long as it takes the right composition or form. Calamitous situations weaved with anguish and despair in addition to the possibility of destruction and heartbreak are some of the most common elements employed by tragic writers. Dominant features of a tragedy also include the protagonists downfall, usually a consequence of their hamartia. This is evident in Hamlet. Hamlet, the protagonist encounters anagnorisis due to his hamartia, ultimately leading to death of most of the cast. The complexity of Hamlets character is a mystery to the audience but through soliloquys, William Shakespeare shows the audience Hamlets feelings and thoughts and how they develop. Soliloquies give the audience a chance to connect with the character as it gives the audience a chance to see the character unleashing their inner thoughts. This will lead to the audience being aware of the true identity of the character making it easier for them to comprehend and understand the true depths of both the story and character. Soliloquies are a vital tool used in Hamlet to understand the true insight on Hamlets character. Hamlet freely expresses his inner thoughts through soliloquies, this is the only real time the audience are aware of Hamlets feelings. Also, it gives the audience a chance to try to understand Hamlets complex character. This dramatic device is a key value in understanding the character of Hamlet and how he develops. Hamlet is portrayed by Shakespeare as a complicated individual. He is an enigma wrapped in a paradox. He is a walking contradiction, full of strong emotions just waiting to be unleashed. He is both melancholic but strong willed, even though his greatest weakness is his indecisiveness. He wallows in his grief wanting to take action but never seems to be able to. He is an incredibly articulate and genius character full of wit and intelligence. He is the definition of Aristotles tragic hero. His ambiguity is a conundrum. His personality develops as the play goes on, making his character traits more apparent. We first become aware of the true thoughts of Hamlets character in his first soliloquy. In Act 1 Scene 2 we are met with his mental state. Hamlet is full of grief; he is trying to come to terms with his fathers death but is met with more difficulties. His mother has re-married; she has re-married to his uncle. In this first soliloquy, Hamlet shows signs that can be applied to the aspects of the oedipal complex as part of his character. These soliloquiess aid us in understanding the true depths of Hamlets mind and thought process. The dominant cause of Hamlets grief is his mother re-marrying. He is disgusted that his mother has moved on so quickly and he believes the relationship is incestuous. With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good. / But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue. (1. 2 . 157-9). However, Hamlet feels he shouldnt intervene and must hold his tongue. Hamlet at this point seems to be more concerned over his mothers affairs rather then his fathers death. Hamlet doesnt discuss how he is feeling about his fathers death. This fits the traits of the oedipal complex. Hamlet is aware his father is dead, subconsciously Hamlet believes now that his father is gone he can have his mother all to himself. However, he is met with a difficulty: Claudius. Hamlet feels great anger and towards Claudius which also fits in with the oedipal complex; hating the father, in this case hating the spouse of his mother. In this soliloquy Hamlet is full of negative emotions, he is showing melancholia, along with anger and frustration and grief too. Now that his father has died he sees no point in living, the world around him seems meaningless. He states How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, / Seem to me all the uses of this world! the world around him no longer has a use to him. Nothing has a purpose to him. He compares the world with a weeded garden. tis an unweeded garden, /That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature. The words are showing that Hamlet feels the world is corrupt and rotting, and it is also a gross place. He realises that everything in the end will turn bad, and rank. He seems to think everything around him has decayed and nothing will really flourish anymore, everything he was comfortable with has just been taken away from him instantaneously and he doesnt seem to think anything will get better. Hamlet in contrast to Claudius sees his father as amazing. He thinks his father was excellent and now that Claudius is taking his place so quickly and his mother hasnt even had time to grieve, he finds that unbearable. O, God! beast, that wants discourse of reason, / Would have mournd longermarried with my uncle Hamlet think that even an animal would have mourned longer then what his mother did. He feels as though she is moving on too quickly. Hamlet seems to be trapped in the memory of his father, he doesnt seem to be completely grief ridden but it seems like he wants to reminisce his fathers existence. He wants to be close to his mother too, and he feels like its her duty to mourn. Going into another relationship so abruptly leaves Hamlet feeling as though she felt nothing towards her father. Hamlet believes all the tears she cried for him must therefore be fake. Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears/ Had left the flushing in her galled eyes She doesnt deserve to mourn, in Hamlets eyes. Hamlet at this point in the play is experiencing melancholia. He is grieving and is faced with more problems. This soliloquy helps us understand what Hamlet is feeling about the situation. Hamlet at this point is still an enigmatic character although he is showing his frustration quite clearly; he is yet to act upon his feelings and is trapped within his mind. Although he is feeling great annoyance towards the whole situation he hasnt confronted his mother about it yet. As the play progresses Hamlets character traits become more apparent. His indecisiveness is demonstrated in this soliloquy. He is confused about life and is contemplating suicide in Act 3 Scene 1 (lines 56-89). He is debating two possible scenarios; to live or to die. To be or not to be. This soliloquy unlike his other soliloquies is quite a thorough, thought out one. He is not in complete despair or anger, he is calm. Hamlet starts a philosophical speech on the good and bad sides of living. Hamlets predicament is that he is so unhappy with living; he just doesnt see the point of existing anymore. He is speculating whether death would actually be better then living. However, Hamlet is also acknowledging the fact that as he hasnt experienced death before he doesnt know how it is going to be like; he is not sure if he wants to take the chance and die; it could be a lot worse then living. If Hamlet does commit suicide there is no coming back. Shakespeare uses interesting phrases to create a vivid image in the audiences mind. Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, by comparing his situation to a sea of troubles creates an image in the audiences mind. This line can also demonstrate the physical representation of his mind. Like a sea of troubles everything is crashing inside him, nothing is going the right way. He wants to fight his despair but he doesnt see the point. He is thinking to maybe take the risk of suicide To sleep: perchance to dream. Perhaps if he died, he wou ld take the chance of falling into an eternal slumber, to dream to be at peace. However, he does realise that no-one can come back once they have taken their lives. The undiscoverd country from whose bourn/ No traveller returns. He is not willing to take the risk at this point. Hamlet associates death as a peaceful concept. He uses positive words to describe it. To sleep, to dream. As his life is filled with torment he sees death as an escape, to fall asleep and never wake, to live in a fantasy and dream. This soliloquy is showing us the paradox of Hamlets situation. He is required to kill Claudius because his father has told him to do so. But he also has his mind bent towards suicide. The 6th commandment prevents Hamlet from killing Claudius. Killing ones self is also going against the commandment. Also, Hamlet realises that if he does kill Claudius his outcome may be sentenced to a life time in hell. He doesnt really take this into consideration and really wants to kill Claudius and avenge his fathers death. He is stuck between two things, to listen to his father and kill Claudius and end up going to hell or let his fathers death go unpunished in this life. This is mentally eating up Hamlet. Since Hamlet is a firm believer in Christianity he should realise that Claudiuss crime wont go un punishable but he still feels obliged to avenge his fathers death. He is stuck in the situation. Hamlets mental state is not stable. He is always changing his moods abruptly and his soliloquies show his instability. His character at this point is reaching a climax. So far he hasnt acted upon filling his fathers wish although he really wants to do so. His indecisiveness has prevented him to do so. Although opportunities to do so have arised, he didnt take them. Hamlet finds a perfect chance to kill Claudius. But he thinks Claudius is praying. In the fourth soliloquy he expresses his thoughts on this (Act 3, scene 3 lines 73-97). Claudius is praying for forgiveness for what he has done. Hamlet believes if he kills Claudius now he will be forgiven and sent to heaven. Hamlet does not think this is the right moment to kill him now because his heinous crime will go unpunished, he wants Claudius o suffer for what he did. A villain kills my father; and for that / I, his sole son, do the same villain send / to heaven. Hamlet feels like its his duty to avenge his fathers death as he is the only son. He thinks if he kills Claudius now, his crime will go unpunished. Hamlet wants to ensure Claudius gets what he deserves: damnation. He feels like it is his duty to fulfil this. Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, / And that his soul may be as damnd and black / As hell, whereto it goes. He wants to make sure there is no way Claudius will go to heaven. O, this is hire and salary, not revenge. This is not something Hamlet sees as revenge, but something he must do, something compulsory. These three soliloquies demonstrate Hamlets character and it shows his character development also. They portray his indecisiveness; he doesnt know when to kill Claudius. As he leaves it to the very end to take action the play ends in tragedy, naturally. He becomes more and more aware of his duty and feels the need to have to take Claudiuss life. Although Hamlets character seems to feign insanity by the end of the play Hamlets negative mind is definitely over powering him which leads to his mental breakdown. The soliloquies are successful in showing this as the audience get to see the slow progression of his insanity and how his character fully develops.

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Business Law - Assignment Example It becomes a parole because it was an oral agreement made before the final written contract was made. I therefore agree with the court for rejecting Canopy’s evidence. It is against the principles of parole evidence rule which categorically states that there should not be a parole to a written contract. Meaning, evidence made prior to a written contract ca not be accepted for consideration in case of a dispute. It is therefore appropriate for the court to make such a decision it is in compliance with the law. Apart from being oral evidence made prior to the actual contract, it contains evidence which contradicts the written contract itself. Despite Canopy not being a party to the written contract, it went ahead to give this evidence. This is uncalled for and should not be entertained. Instead, the court should go ahead to consider the case filed by Novell Inc to protest against the deductions made by Canopy because it breaches its contract with Caldera